Ideologies behind the modern phenomena of mass housing were many and it is crucial to read their impact on contemporary European cities in the frame of different historical circumstances that accompanied the modern project of socially accessible housing as developed almost simultaneously in both democratic and totalitarian societies in Europe during entire 20th century: the rise of the modern planning in the interwar period, its role within the post-war reconstruction of Europe under welfare states in the West and communist states in the East and the fall of the inherent utopia of the moder
