Jews

“The Jew Is and Always Will Be Our Greatest Enemy!” Anti-Semitism in Slovak Radio Broadcast from the Reich’s Vienna Radio Station

Lônčíková, Michala

The international political situation and the Nazi plans for Central Europe culminated in the late 1930s. The organisation of the collaboration with pro-Nazi and separatist Slovak representatives accelerated after the “Anschluss” of Austria in March 1938. From then on, Slovak territory was only separated from Nazi Germany by the Danube River.

A Social Change in the Biographical Narratives of the Inhabitants of Today’s Slovakia – From the Munich Agreement to 14th March 1939

Vrzgulová, Monika

This paper provides information about the social change that started in autumn 1938 and the way this historical period is reflected in the biographical narratives of witnesses of today’s Slovak Republic. The author analysed oral histories from 200 interviews that focused on memories of the period from September 1938 (Munich Agreement) to March 1939 (establishment of the wartime Slovak State). She concentrated on two questions: 1. Which images, moments and situations represented social change in this historical period for the witness? 2.

The Establishment and Activities of the Jewish Central Office

Mešková Hradská, Katarína

The Jewish Central Office was established as a result of the political changes that took place after the establishment of the Autonomous Slovakia in October 1938. It was an attempt by some Zionists, Jewish Zionist Party leaders, to adapt to the new reality. The relatively short period of the existence of the Jewish headquarters was not only marked by an internal struggle between Zionists and members of the Orthodox Jewish religious community but also by loyalty to the government of Jozef Tiso.

No Man’s Land in 1938. Deportation beyond the Bounds of Citizenship

Frankl, Michal

In November 1938, following the First Vienna Award and the loss of Southern Slovakia, the leadership of the autonomous Slovakia triggered the deportations of thousands of Jews into a region that was to be taken over by Hungary. Many of them were forced into a strip of land along the new demarcation line, between the Czechoslovak and Hungarian posts, into no man’s land.

Sealed Borders, Trafficking and Deportation – Austrian Refugees in the Czechoslovak Border Region after the “Anschluss”

Schellenbacher, Wolfgang

Between the “Anschluss” of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938 and the first mass transports from Vienna in 1941, 135,000 Austrians, who were defined as Jewish by the Nuremburg laws, fled abroad. This article looks at the key moments in their expulsion, focusing on those who sought refuge in Czechoslovakia, especially in the border regions during 1938 and an examination of the processes of flight, trafficking, smuggling and illegal expulsions as the geo-political landscape of both countries changed dramatically.

Slovak Autonomy 1938 – 1939: The Initial Phase of the Holocaust and Persecution (Introduction)

Fiamová, Martina
Lônčíková, Michala

The end of the 1930s was critical for the democratic regime of the Czechoslovak Republic and the international situation after the signature of the Munich agreement on 29th September 1938. The movement for autonomy for Slovakia resulted in the declaration of Slovak autonomy on 6th October 1938. The Hlinka´s Slovak People‘s Party (HSĽS) immediately started to establish a single ruling party system. During this relatively short 6-month period, until the declaration of the Slovak State in March 1939, significant political changes were dramatically implemented.

The Trauma from War that Continued after the War

Mešková Hradská, Katarína

Antisemitism was part of the anti-Jewish policy of the "ľudák" regime in Slovakia during World War II. Deportations to the concentration camps in occupied Poland meant that the overwhelming majority of the Slovak Jewish community was wiped out. Shortly after the war, two groups of Holocaust survivors were formed. One group, in an effort to prevent their descendants from learning the truth about what they had been through, kept their past secret. On the contrary, the other group felt an inner need to talk about the concentration camps.

"Where there is a Hungarian woman there is anger; where there is a German woman there is falseness; where there is a Gipsy woman there is theft…": Creating Stereotypes of "Others" in Slovak Travel and Ethnographic Literature of the 19th Century

Molda, Rastislav

The aim of the study is the analysis of the stereotypes of Hungarians, Jews, Germans and Romanies that are portrayed in the Slovak literature of the 19th century. The primary sources of the text analysis are travel and ethnographic works published as separate titles as well as the articles issued in the periodical press. Some of the mentioned literary pieces were due to limited publishing and financial possibilities published only in student's manuscript magazines and humorous magazines.

Czechs as a "Vanguard of Humankind": A Utopian Vision of the Czech Nation and its Neighbours in the Ideal Worlds of Interwar Czech Fiction

Machek, Jakub

This article deals with stereotypes of Czech nation and its neighbours as they were utilised by interwar Czech utopists. As they tried to persuade theirs readers they have to follow the commonsensical beliefs and values of their potential readers. Czech nation was their primary concern as well as its relationship with other nations – the future of the nation was more important than the proposed social organisation. Presented ethnic stereotypes were remarkably consistent with the authors offering socialist, capitalist or alternative future development.

The Family in the Closing Phase of the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" in Slovakia

Karcol, Marián

The aim of this paper, the heuristic base of which is formed mainly by archival documents and personal testimonies of witnesses, is to provide a closer view on the events in 1944 - 1945 and their impact on the family living within the borders of the-then Slovak state. It deals with families belonging to the majority population, but a special focus is on (especially) the family of the persecuted Jewish minority.

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